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RatlamPollution Health Impact

1,922 days of CPCB data (2018–2024), translated through WHO 2021, Berkeley Earth and EPIC AQLI methods. Based on CPCB station data, 2016–present.

2.5 cigs/day5.0 y lost2.4% AQG daysCentral zone

Madhya Pradesh · Live Ratlam AQI →

Living in Ratlam is the population-level health-equivalent of smoking 2.5 cigarettes a day — roughly 924 cigarettes a year. On average, that chronic exposure shortens life expectancy by about 5.0 years per resident.

Cigarette-equivalence (Berkeley Earth 2015) and life-years lost (EPIC AQLI) are peer-reviewed communication heuristics, not clinical diagnoses. Full sources linked on the methodology page.

Headline impact numbers

Cigarettes / day equivalent
2.5
924 cigs/year (Berkeley Earth)
Life-years lost per resident
5.0
AQLI coefficient (EPIC Chicago)
WHO AQG clean days
46
of 1,922 (2.4%)

Cigarettes/day by year

Annual average cigarette-equivalent.

012343.220182.820192.620202.420212.320222.420232.72024

Clean-air days (NAQI ≤ 50) by year

Days when NAQI stayed in the “Good” band.

20180 of 4 days (0.0%)201924 of 277 days (8.7%)202049 of 301 days (16.3%)202155 of 318 days (17.3%)202268 of 337 days (20.2%)202339 of 332 days (11.7%)202455 of 353 days (15.6%)

Which WHO tier did Ratlam meet?

24-hour PM2.5 compliance vs WHO 2021 targets.

  • AQG
    46 days (2.4%)
  • IT-4
    164 days (8.5%)
  • IT-3
    221 days (11.5%)
  • IT-2
    239 days (12.4%)
  • IT-1
    981 days (51.0%)
  • Above IT-1
    271 days (14.1%)

WHO AQG (15) · IT-4 (25) · IT-3 (37.5) · IT-2 (50) · IT-1 (75) µg/m³ (24-hour PM2.5).

Life-years lost, by disease

Applying WHO's global attribution (68/14/14/4) to Ratlam's 5.0 year estimate.

5.0ylost / person
  • Heart + stroke: 3.4y
  • COPD: 0.7y
  • Child ALRI: 0.7y
  • Lung cancer: 0.2y

Worst and best months

Worst month
Nov
3.4 cigs/day equivalent
Best month
Jul
1.3 cigs/day equivalent

Drill into full monthly pattern on the seasonal Ratlam page →

High-risk days for vulnerable residents

Days above WHO IT-3 (37.5 µg/m³) — pregnancy & infant risk elevated
1,491 (77.6%)
Days above WHO IT-1 (75 µg/m³) — high risk for children under 5
271 (14.1%)

Source: WHO 2021 AQG interim-target risk framework; WHO 2024 ambient-air fact sheet identifies children under 5 and pregnant residents as the most vulnerable groups.

How Ratlam compares to nearby cities

  • Similar exposure
    Surat
    2.8 cigs/day · 5.5 y lost · +0.2 vs Ratlam
  • Similar exposure
    Ulhasnagar
    2.8 cigs/day · 5.5 y lost · +0.2 vs Ratlam
  • Cleaner peer
    Dhule
    2.5 cigs/day · 4.9 y lost · -0.0 vs Ratlam
  • Dirtier peer
    Bhiwandi
    2.5 cigs/day · 5.0 y lost · +0.0 vs Ratlam

What the numbers say

Overview

Living in Ratlam carries a daily PM2.5 dose that Berkeley Earth compares to 2.5 cigarettes a day. Over a year, residents absorb the equivalent of 924 cigarettes.

The data story

EPIC's AQLI research attributes about 5.0 life-years lost per person from this chronic exposure. The WHO Air Quality Guideline was met on just 46 of 1,922 days (2.4%); 271 days (14.1%) exceeded even the 75 µg/m³ Interim Target-1 threshold.

Why this pattern

The burden concentrates in November — when the average cigarette-equivalent climbs to 3.4/day — and eases in July (1.3/day). Globally, WHO attributes 68% of PM2.5 deaths to heart disease and stroke, with the remainder split across COPD, childhood ALRI, and lung cancer.

What to do with this

Cigarette-equivalence is a communication tool, not a medical verdict. Still, the direction is clear: time indoors with a HEPA unit and a good-fit mask outdoors during the 1,491 days (77.6%) above WHO IT-3 meaningfully lowers exposure — especially for pregnant residents and children under 5.

Frequently asked questions

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