Mata Roma Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Mata Roma, a municipality nestled within the state of Maranhão, Brazil, occupies a position in the transition zone between the Amazon rainforest and the Cerrado savanna. Located at approximately -3.6250° latitude and -43.1108° longitude, the city’s geography is characterised by a relatively flat terrain, typical of the Maranhão-Piauí lowland. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive areas dedicated to soybean and corn cultivation, alongside cattle ranching. This agricultural intensity significantly influences local air quality. The city isn’t directly adjacent to major bodies of water, though it lies within the broader watershed of rivers flowing towards the Parnaíba River delta. Elevation is minimal, generally below 50 meters, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Mata Roma remains a smaller urban centre surrounded by expansive rural areas. While not a major industrial hub, the processing of agricultural products within and around the city generates localised emissions. Dust from agricultural activities, particularly during dry periods, is a significant factor. The prevailing winds, influenced by the trade winds and seasonal shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, play a crucial role in pollutant transport and dispersion, though the flat terrain limits long-range transport.

Mata Roma experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality is generally better during the wet season (roughly November to April) due to rainfall effectively scavenging particulate matter from the atmosphere. However, increased humidity can also promote the formation of mold and allergens, impacting respiratory health. The dry season (May to October) presents the most challenging air quality conditions. This is when agricultural burning for land preparation is most prevalent, releasing substantial amounts of smoke and particulate matter. Dust from unpaved roads and agricultural fields also contributes significantly. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating air quality issues. August and September are typically the months with the poorest air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during these periods. The transition months (November and April) can experience fluctuating conditions. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial; winds from agricultural areas will carry higher pollutant loads. Staying indoors during peak burning times and using air purifiers are recommended preventative measures.