Andirá Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Andirá, nestled in the north-central region of Paraná state, Brazil, occupies a gently undulating terrain characteristic of the Second Paraná Plateau. Located at coordinates -23.0508, -50.2289, the city’s elevation of approximately 550 meters influences local meteorological patterns and air dispersion. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to soybean, corn, and wheat cultivation, interspersed with patches of *mata atlântica* (Atlantic Forest) remnants. This agricultural dominance is a key factor in potential air quality concerns, particularly during harvest seasons when biomass burning is common. The city is not directly adjacent to major bodies of water, though the Rio Paranapanema lies approximately 50km to the south, offering limited influence on local humidity. Andirá isn’t situated within a heavily industrialized belt, but regional industrial activity in larger nearby cities like Londrina can contribute to long-range pollutant transport. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural areas immediately bordering the city limits. This proximity means that air quality within Andirá is heavily influenced by agricultural practices and regional weather systems, making it susceptible to both locally generated and transported pollutants. The city’s relatively small size and limited public transport infrastructure contribute to vehicle emissions as a significant local source.

Andirá experiences a humid subtropical climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality generally improves during the wet season (October to April) due to increased rainfall which effectively washes particulate matter from the atmosphere and suppresses dust. However, high humidity can also contribute to the formation of secondary pollutants. The dry season (May to September) presents the greatest air quality challenges. This period coincides with agricultural burning for land preparation, leading to spikes in particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and carbon monoxide. Temperature inversions are common during the cooler, drier months of June and July, trapping pollutants near the ground and exacerbating air quality issues. Winds are generally moderate, but prolonged periods of calm can worsen stagnation. August and September, nearing the end of the dry season, often see the highest concentrations of smoke from agricultural fires. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during these months. Conversely, April and May, transitioning into the wet season, offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities. Monitoring wind direction is crucial, as pollutants from regional fires can be transported into Andirá.