Gurupi Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Gurupi, nestled in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, occupies a strategically important position within the Cerrado biome, a vast tropical savanna ecoregion. Located at approximately -11.7289° latitude and -49.0689° longitude, the city’s elevation averages around 270 meters (886 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating plains and gently rolling hills, typical of the Cerrado, interspersed with gallery forests along seasonal streams. While Gurupi isn't directly adjacent to a major river, it benefits from the presence of smaller tributaries and groundwater resources, influencing local humidity. The urban fabric of Gurupi is relatively compact, reflecting its smaller population of 65,034. The city’s growth has been driven by its role as a regional commercial hub for agriculture, particularly soybean and corn cultivation, which dominates the surrounding rural areas. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of air pollution, including dust from tilling and harvesting, and emissions from machinery. The urban–rural gradient transitions quickly, with agricultural land dominating the immediate periphery. Gurupi’s location within the Cerrado, while generally offering good ventilation due to the open landscape, can also experience periods of stagnant air, particularly during drier months, which can trap pollutants. The lack of significant topographic barriers within the region means that pollutants can disperse relatively easily, but localized sources can still lead to elevated concentrations. The city’s position away from major industrial belts minimizes large-scale industrial pollution, but regional agricultural activity remains a key factor in its air quality profile.

Gurupi’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season pattern, significantly influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from May to September, is characterized by lower rainfall and higher temperatures, often accompanied by periods of intense sunlight. This period frequently sees an increase in particulate matter due to windblown dust from agricultural fields undergoing preparation for planting or harvesting. The drier air also exacerbates the effects of any localized combustion sources, such as controlled burns used in agricultural practices, leading to increased smoke and haze. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in colder climates, can occasionally occur during the dry season, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the evenings. Conversely, the wet season, from October to April, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity. The frequent rain showers naturally cleanse the atmosphere, washing away particulate matter and reducing the concentration of gaseous pollutants. However, periods of prolonged rainfall can lead to increased humidity, which can sometimes trap pollutants, especially if ventilation is poor. Fog, though rare, can also occur during the wet season, further reducing air movement and potentially concentrating pollutants. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season, particularly during the months of November to February. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be mindful of potential dust events during the dry season and avoid prolonged exposure to outdoor air during periods of haze or smoke. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air filtration is advisable throughout the year.