Putussibau Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Putussibau, nestled in the heart of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, is a riverine town intrinsically linked to the Kapuas River, the longest river on Borneo. Situated at coordinates 0.8575, 112.9250, the town’s geography is defined by its low elevation, generally under 50 meters above sea level, and its position within a broad, flat alluvial plain. This terrain contributes to limited natural air dispersion. The surrounding landscape is dominated by peat swamp forests and extensive agricultural lands, particularly oil palm and rubber plantations, which increasingly encroach upon the natural forest cover. Putussibau serves as a crucial regional hub for trade and transportation, connecting inland areas to the coastal cities. The urban-rural gradient is sharp; the town itself is relatively compact with a population of approximately 12,459, quickly giving way to dense rainforest and agricultural zones. The Kapuas River, while vital for transport, can also trap pollutants during periods of low flow. The proximity to agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing, significantly impacts local air quality. The flat topography and frequent humidity create conditions conducive to the build-up of pollutants, especially during the dry season. The town’s location within the equatorial belt means consistent high temperatures and humidity.

Putussibau experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality is generally poorer during the prolonged dry season, typically from June to September. This period coincides with increased agricultural burning for land preparation, releasing substantial particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and other pollutants. Low wind speeds during these months exacerbate the problem, trapping smoke and haze. Temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air, are also common, further hindering dispersion. The wet season, from October to May, brings relief as rainfall washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, even during the wet season, localised pollution from vehicle emissions and small-scale burning can occur. November and December often experience increased humidity and fog, potentially trapping pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during peak burning periods (July-August). Monitoring wind direction is crucial; smoke originating from upriver areas will directly impact Putussibau. Staying indoors with windows closed and using air purifiers are recommended during haze events. The transition months (May/June and September/October) can be unpredictable, requiring vigilance.