Khorramshahr Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Khorramshahr, situated in the Khuzestan province of Iran at coordinates 30.4394, 48.1817, is a port city of significant strategic and economic importance. Located on the Arvand Rud (Shatt al-Arab) river, formed by the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, the city’s geography is fundamentally defined by this waterway and its proximity to the Persian Gulf. The terrain is largely flat, part of the Khuzestan Plain, with an elevation close to sea level, making it vulnerable to tidal surges and flooding. Historically, Khorramshahr served as a crucial trading hub, and this continues today with a substantial port facility. Surrounding the city are extensive marshlands and agricultural areas, particularly date palm groves, alongside emerging industrial zones related to oil processing and petrochemicals further inland. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the city’s built environment to agricultural land and then to the wetlands. This geographical setting, combined with regional wind patterns, creates a complex environment for air quality. The flat terrain inhibits dispersion of pollutants, while the riverine environment contributes to humidity, potentially exacerbating certain pollutant behaviours. The proximity to oil infrastructure introduces the risk of emissions from industrial processes and potential accidental releases, directly impacting local air quality.

Khorramshahr experiences a subtropical arid climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat and dust storms originating from the western and southwestern deserts, significantly elevating particulate matter concentrations. These ‘shamal’ winds carry dust and sand, reducing visibility and posing respiratory hazards. Autumn (September-November) offers a brief respite with cooler temperatures and reduced wind activity, leading to improved air quality, though lingering dust remains a concern. Winter (December-February) is mild and humid, often characterized by temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly emissions from domestic heating and industrial sources. Fog can also form, exacerbating the issue. Spring (March-May) sees increasing temperatures and the potential for localized dust events, alongside agricultural burning which contributes to smoke and particulate pollution. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should avoid strenuous outdoor activity during the summer months and periods of high dust. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; periods with winds from the west and southwest are likely to be associated with poorer air quality. The relatively consistent humidity throughout the year can also contribute to the formation of secondary pollutants.