Sorso Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Sorso, a municipality in the northern part of Sardinia, Italy, occupies a gently undulating terrain transitioning from the inland plains to the coastal strip along the Gulf of Asinara. Situated at approximately 40.7983°N, 8.5772°E, the town’s elevation is relatively low, averaging around 140 meters above sea level, contributing to limited natural dispersion of pollutants. The surrounding landscape is characterised by Mediterranean maquis shrubland, agricultural fields – primarily dedicated to viticulture and cereal crops – and patches of pine forests. Sorso benefits from a direct coastal position, approximately 5km from the sea, which usually provides a moderating influence on temperatures and some pollutant dispersal, but can also trap pollutants during stable atmospheric conditions. The regional position within Sardinia places Sorso away from major industrial belts found on the mainland, however, localised agricultural activities, including fertiliser use and seasonal burning of agricultural waste, contribute to particulate matter and ammonia emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the town centre densely populated and surrounded by more sparsely populated agricultural areas. This proximity to agricultural land, combined with prevailing wind patterns, can lead to the transport of airborne particles into the urban area, impacting local air quality. The town’s morphology, with a mix of older, narrow streets and newer developments, also influences air circulation.

Sorso experiences a typical Mediterranean climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Summers (June-August) are generally hot and dry, with stable high-pressure systems often leading to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. While vehicle traffic increases with tourism, the dry conditions limit dust resuspension. Autumn (September-November) brings increased rainfall, effectively washing away accumulated pollutants, resulting in improved air quality. However, this period also sees agricultural burning of crop residues, contributing to spikes in particulate matter. Winters (December-February) are mild and wet, with frequent storms providing good ventilation and dispersing pollutants. However, occasional periods of calm, damp weather can lead to localised fog formation, trapping pollutants. Spring (March-May) is a transitional period, with increasing temperatures and agricultural activity. Pollen counts are high, impacting allergy sufferers. March and April can experience *sirocco* winds from North Africa, carrying substantial amounts of dust, significantly degrading air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during periods of *sirocco* and agricultural burning. Monitoring wind direction and local agricultural practices is crucial for anticipating pollution episodes. Avoiding outdoor exercise during calm, hot summer afternoons is also advisable.