Şammā Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Şammā, nestled within the Irbid Governorate of Jordan, occupies a unique geographic position in the northern highlands. Situated at coordinates 32.5700, 35.6900, the city’s elevation of approximately 650 meters above sea level significantly influences its climate and, consequently, its air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterised by rolling hills and fertile agricultural land, part of the broader Hauran plateau. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, contributes to potential particulate matter pollution from dust and seasonal burning of agricultural waste. Şammā isn’t directly adjacent to a major body of water, but benefits from rainfall that feeds into regional wadis and groundwater resources. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Şammā itself is a smaller city, transitioning quickly to rural farmland. While not a major industrial hub, Irbid Governorate as a whole experiences some industrial activity, and prevailing winds can transport pollutants from these areas towards Şammā. The terrain, with its undulating hills, can also create localised pockets where pollutants accumulate, hindering dispersion. The city’s location within a rain shadow effect, influenced by the surrounding mountains, impacts precipitation patterns and dust deposition.

Şammā experiences a Mediterranean climate with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Spring (March-May) brings increased agricultural activity, leading to a rise in particulate matter from land preparation and potential burning. Winds are variable, sometimes aiding dispersion, other times trapping pollutants in valleys. Summer (June-August) is typically dry and hot, with stable atmospheric conditions and infrequent rainfall. This can lead to the build-up of ozone and other secondary pollutants, particularly during peak sunlight hours. August often sees dust blown in from regional sources. Autumn (September-November) offers the best air quality, with cooler temperatures, increased rainfall washing away pollutants, and a decrease in agricultural activity. However, early autumn can still experience dust storms. Winter (December-February) brings the highest rainfall, effectively cleansing the air, but also increased humidity which can exacerbate the effects of combustion pollutants from residential heating using wood or kerosene. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during spring and summer months. Monitoring wind patterns and avoiding activity on particularly still days is advisable. Fog can also trap pollutants during winter mornings.