Bteghrîne Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Bteghrîne, nestled in the Mont-Liban Governorate of Lebanon, occupies a geographically complex position approximately 30 kilometers northeast of Beirut. Situated at coordinates 33.9300, 35.7450, the town is embedded within the mountainous terrain of the Lebanon range, at an elevation of roughly 1,400 meters. This altitude significantly influences its climate and, consequently, its air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterised by steep slopes covered in pine and oak forests, interspersed with agricultural terraces cultivating olives, figs, and grapes. Bteghrîne isn’t directly adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, but its proximity – roughly 25km as the crow flies – means it’s influenced by maritime air masses, though these are often modified by the orographic lift as they ascend the mountains. Unlike coastal cities, Bteghrîne lacks the constant sea breeze flushing pollutants away. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; the town itself is relatively small with a population of around 12,000, but is surrounded by smaller villages and agricultural land. While not a major industrial hub, regional quarrying and cement production contribute to particulate matter, and the increasing reliance on private vehicle transport within the mountainous terrain exacerbates localised emissions. The valley topography can trap pollutants, especially during stable atmospheric conditions, impacting air quality.

Air quality in Bteghrîne follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as winter inversions weaken and rainfall increases, washing away accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural burning for land preparation can temporarily degrade air quality. Summer (June-August) typically offers the cleanest air, driven by prevailing winds and higher temperatures promoting dispersion, though wildfires, increasingly common in Lebanon, pose a significant threat. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition, with decreasing temperatures and increasing stability leading to pollutant build-up, particularly from residential heating using wood and diesel. This is often the worst period for particulate matter. Winter (December-February) is characterised by frequent temperature inversions, trapping cold, dense air in the valleys and exacerbating pollution from heating sources. Fog, common at this altitude, further reduces visibility and concentrates pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June, July, and August. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from the west can bring pollutants from the Beirut area, while easterly winds may carry dust from the Bekaa Valley.