Nossombougou Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Nossombougou, situated in the Koulikoro region of Mali, occupies a position within the Sahelian savanna belt, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert to the north and the more humid Sudanian savanna to the south. Located at approximately 13.0967°N latitude and 7.9342°W longitude, the city’s terrain is generally flat to gently undulating, characteristic of the inland Niger River basin. The elevation is relatively low, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Nossombougou isn’t directly on the Niger River, but lies within its broader influence, benefitting from seasonal flooding that supports surrounding agricultural lands. The urban character is predominantly rural, with a relatively low population density of 18,306, indicating a strong urban-rural gradient. Surrounding the city are extensive agricultural zones, primarily focused on rain-fed farming of millet, sorghum, and cotton. While Nossombougou lacks heavy industry, small-scale processing of agricultural products and local artisanal activities contribute to localised emissions. Dust from agricultural practices and unpaved roads is a significant factor. The city’s location within the Sahel makes it vulnerable to desert dust transport from further north, impacting baseline air quality. The limited infrastructure for waste management also contributes to localised pollution hotspots.

Nossombougou experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing air quality. The dry season, roughly November to May, is characterised by consistently high temperatures and low humidity. This period sees the worst air quality due to increased dust resuspension from agricultural lands and unpaved roads, exacerbated by Harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. January to March are particularly challenging months for respiratory health. The transition to the wet season, June to July, brings a temporary improvement as rainfall suppresses dust, but increased humidity can also foster mold growth indoors. The wet season, August to October, generally offers the best air quality, with frequent rainfall effectively cleansing the atmosphere. However, stagnant air masses can sometimes develop, trapping pollutants near the ground. Temperature inversions, common during cooler nights even in the wet season, can worsen localised pollution. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season and monitor their health closely. Avoiding peak dust periods and ensuring good ventilation indoors are crucial preventative measures.