Jilotepec Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Jilotepec, nestled in the State of México, Mexico, occupies a geographically significant position within the central Mexican highlands. Located at approximately 19.95°N, -99.53°W and an elevation of around 2,150 meters (7,050 feet) above sea level, the city experiences a pronounced altitudinal influence on its climate and air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterized by rolling hills and valleys, part of the broader Sierra de Pachuca range, which significantly impacts local wind patterns and contributes to potential temperature inversions. Jilotepec sits within a transitional zone between the densely populated urban sprawl of Mexico City and the more rural agricultural lands of the State of México. This proximity to Mexico City, a major industrial and transportation hub, exposes Jilotepec to long-range transport of pollutants. The city’s terrain, with its sloping topography, can trap air pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind speed. While not directly adjacent to major bodies of water, the region receives rainfall during the wet season, which can help to cleanse the atmosphere, though heavy rainfall events can also mobilize dust and particulate matter from agricultural fields. The urban–rural gradient is noticeable, with agricultural zones, primarily dedicated to maize and vegetable cultivation, existing just beyond the city limits, potentially contributing to localized emissions from agricultural practices and seasonal burning. The valley setting further exacerbates the potential for pollutant accumulation, making understanding local meteorological conditions crucial for air quality management.

Jilotepec’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its subtropical highland climate. The dry season, typically spanning from November to April, often witnesses a concerning increase in air pollution. This is largely due to the prevalence of temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air (and pollutants) near the ground. Reduced wind speeds during these months further compound the issue, hindering pollutant dispersion. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and crop residue disposal, also contributes significantly to particulate matter pollution during this period, particularly in late November and December. The wet season, from May to October, brings relief as increased rainfall helps to wash pollutants from the atmosphere. However, heavy downpours can temporarily elevate particulate matter levels due to dust resuspension from unpaved roads and agricultural lands. Fog, common during the cooler months, can also trap pollutants, creating localized pockets of poor air quality. Outdoor activities are generally best enjoyed during the wetter months, particularly June through September, when rainfall is most frequent. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting prolonged outdoor exposure and avoiding strenuous activity, especially on days with visible haze or reduced visibility. The transition months of April and October offer a more moderate air quality profile, but vigilance remains important as weather patterns shift.