Hengelo Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Hengelo, situated in the eastern Netherlands within the province of Overijssel, occupies a geographically interesting position in the Twente region. The city lies on the sandy soils of the glacial moraine, a landscape shaped by the Saale glaciation, resulting in relatively flat terrain with subtle undulations. Its coordinates (52.2656, 6.7931) place it within a transitional zone between more densely populated Randstad areas and the rural landscapes further east. The Dinkel river flows nearby, influencing local microclimates and potentially contributing to humidity levels that can affect pollutant dispersion. Historically, Hengelo developed as an industrial centre, particularly around railway infrastructure and metalworking, leaving a legacy of potential localised pollution sources. Surrounding Hengelo are extensive agricultural areas, primarily arable farming, which can contribute to ammonia emissions, particularly during fertiliser application. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with farmland quickly dominating the landscape outside the city limits. This proximity to both industrial and agricultural zones, combined with the flat topography, can create conditions conducive to pollutant accumulation, especially during stable weather patterns. The prevailing westerly winds, however, generally help to flush out pollutants, but their effectiveness is reduced during periods of high pressure.

Hengelo’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, often sees poorer air quality due to temperature inversions – cold air trapped beneath warmer layers – which prevent vertical mixing and concentrate pollutants from heating systems and traffic. Low wind speeds exacerbate this. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, though agricultural activities begin, potentially increasing ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from strong convective currents that disperse pollutants and reduced heating demand. However, heatwaves can trigger ground-level ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. As heating demand increases and agricultural practices continue, pollutant levels can rise again, often accompanied by damp conditions and fog which trap pollutants near the ground. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should be particularly cautious during winter and autumn. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity on still, cold days is advisable. Monitoring local forecasts and limiting exposure during peak pollution periods is crucial for maintaining respiratory health. The months of June, July and August typically present the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.