Dumalag Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Dumalag, a municipality in the province of Capiz, Philippines, occupies a relatively low-lying position on the island of Panay. Situated at coordinates 11.3039°N, 122.6214°E, its geography is defined by a coastal plain transitioning inland to gently rolling hills. The terrain is predominantly agricultural, with rice paddies dominating the landscape, interspersed with coconut plantations and small-scale farming. Dumalag’s proximity to the Visayan Sea significantly influences its climate and, consequently, its air quality. The sea provides a moderating effect on temperatures but also contributes to high humidity levels. The municipality isn’t heavily industrialized, meaning major industrial pollution sources are limited. However, agricultural practices, particularly the burning of agricultural waste after harvest, represent a significant localised source of particulate matter. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; the *poblacion* (town centre) exhibits denser settlement and more vehicular traffic, while surrounding *barangays* remain largely rural. This gradient creates microclimates and varying pollution concentrations. The prevailing winds, typically from the southeast during the wet season and northeast during the dry season, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants. The relatively flat topography offers limited natural dispersion, potentially exacerbating pollution episodes during calm weather conditions. The surrounding landscape, largely undeveloped, offers some natural filtration, but is vulnerable to changes in land use.

Dumalag experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing air quality. The dry season, typically from March to May, sees a peak in particulate matter pollution. This is largely due to increased agricultural burning as farmers prepare fields for the next planting season, coupled with drier conditions that reduce atmospheric dispersion. Calm winds during this period exacerbate the problem, trapping pollutants near the ground. Conversely, the wet season, from June to November, brings relief. Monsoon rains effectively wash particulate matter from the atmosphere, leading to improved air quality. However, increased humidity can also promote the formation of mould and other biological pollutants. December to February represents a transitional period with generally moderate air quality. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in larger urban centres, can occur during calm nights, trapping pollutants at ground level. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting strenuous outdoor activity and considering the use of masks. Monitoring wind direction is also advisable; avoiding areas downwind from agricultural burning is prudent. The months of July and August, coinciding with the peak of the monsoon, generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.