Biri Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Biri, a municipality in Northern Samar, Philippines, occupies a unique coastal geography. Situated at 12.6700°N, 124.3800°E, the town is characterized by a rugged coastline punctuated by dramatic rock formations – the Biri Rock Formations – sculpted by centuries of wave action. The terrain is generally undulating, rising gently inland from the Pacific Ocean. The population of 11,274 is largely concentrated in the coastal *poblacions* and smaller barangays. Biri’s location directly on the Pacific coast exposes it to prevailing winds and seasonal typhoons. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land, primarily coconut and rice paddies, and patches of remaining forest. There are no major industrial belts within Biri itself, but regional agricultural practices, including open burning of agricultural waste in nearby areas, contribute to baseline particulate matter. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; Biri remains predominantly rural, with limited large-scale infrastructure. This coastal exposure, combined with agricultural practices and the potential for dust from unpaved roads, significantly influences local air quality. The proximity to the ocean also means salt spray is a constant atmospheric component, potentially affecting aerosol formation and deposition.

Biri experiences a pronounced wet and dry season, dictating the patterns of air quality. The dry season, typically from March to May, sees increased dust and particulate matter from agricultural activities and unpaved roads, exacerbated by stronger winds. This period often experiences the poorest air quality, particularly during peak harvest times. The onset of the wet season in June brings relief, with rainfall effectively scavenging pollutants from the atmosphere. However, the wet season, lasting until November, also coincides with the typhoon season. While typhoons initially improve air quality through heavy rainfall, the aftermath can see increased debris and potential for mold growth, impacting indoor air quality. December to February represents a relatively calmer period, with moderate temperatures and generally favourable air quality. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in larger urban centres, can occur during the calmer months, trapping pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season and be mindful of indoor air quality following typhoons. Monitoring wind direction is crucial, as winds from agricultural areas can carry pollutants directly into Biri.