Sison Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Sison, Surigao del Norte, Philippines, occupies a strategically important coastal position on the northeastern coast of Mindanao Island. Situated at approximately 9.6592° N, 125.5272° E, the municipality’s geography is defined by a gently sloping terrain transitioning from the coastal plains to rolling hills inland. This elevation, though modest, influences local air circulation patterns. Sison faces the Philippine Sea, a vast expanse of water that moderates temperatures and can influence wind direction, often bringing in maritime air masses. The surrounding landscape is a blend of agricultural land – primarily coconut and banana plantations – and secondary forests, contributing to a rural-urban gradient where agricultural practices and forest management can impact local air quality. While Sison itself is a relatively small municipality with a population of around 14,290, it lies within the broader Surigao del Norte province, which experiences some industrial activity, particularly related to mining and fishing. The proximity to larger regional hubs like Surigao City, though not immediately adjacent, means that pollutants generated elsewhere can, under certain meteorological conditions, be transported to Sison. The coastal location also means that sea spray and salt aerosols are a constant presence, impacting particulate matter composition. The urban character is primarily residential and agricultural, with limited heavy industry directly within Sison, suggesting that localized pollution sources are likely to be smaller scale, such as vehicle emissions and agricultural burning, rather than large industrial complexes.

Sison’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly influencing its air quality profile. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often sees a slight increase in particulate matter due to agricultural burning practices as farmers clear land for planting. While winds are generally consistent, periods of calm can lead to localized stagnation, trapping pollutants closer to ground level. The wet season, from June to November, brings frequent rainfall and increased humidity, which naturally scavenges pollutants from the atmosphere, leading to improved air quality. However, intense storms can temporarily worsen conditions due to wind-blown dust and debris. The months of July and August, coinciding with the peak of the monsoon season, are generally the most favorable for outdoor activities due to the frequent cleansing rains. Fog, though not a frequent occurrence, can occasionally form during cooler periods, particularly in the early morning, trapping pollutants and reducing visibility. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly mindful during the dry season and periods of calm weather. While the overall air quality is generally good compared to larger urban centers, minimizing exposure to smoke from agricultural fires and avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air is advisable. The interplay of monsoon winds and rainfall provides a natural air purification system, but localized sources can still contribute to short-term fluctuations in air quality.