Nusaybin Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Nusaybin, nestled in the Mardin Province of southeastern Turkey, occupies a strategically significant, yet geographically complex, position. Located at coordinates 37.0750, 41.2153, the city sits on the Syrian border, directly opposite Qamishli. The terrain is characterised by undulating plains transitioning into the foothills of the Tur Abdin mountains to the north, creating a bowl-like topography that can exacerbate air stagnation. The city’s elevation, around 820 meters above sea level, influences temperature inversions, a key factor in trapping pollutants. Nusaybin is not directly adjacent to a major body of water, though the Tigris River flows relatively close, approximately 30km to the east, offering limited influence on local wind patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with wheat and barley cultivation common, and some livestock farming. While Nusaybin isn’t a heavily industrialised centre, regional agricultural practices – including potential burning of crop residue – and cross-border traffic contribute to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural lands immediately surrounding the city, and more rugged terrain further afield. This combination of topography, agricultural activity, and border location creates a unique set of challenges for maintaining good air quality in Nusaybin.

Nusaybin’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a moderate improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated winter pollutants, but agricultural burning begins, introducing particulate matter. Summer (June-August) typically experiences the clearest air, driven by prevailing winds that disperse emissions and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, intense heat can also contribute to ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) marks a deterioration in air quality. The end of the agricultural season often involves widespread burning of crop residue, leading to significant spikes in PM2.5 and PM10. Temperature inversions become more frequent as temperatures drop, trapping pollutants near the ground. Winter (December-February) is generally the worst period for air quality. Cold, stagnant air masses, coupled with increased use of solid fuels for heating – particularly coal and wood – result in high concentrations of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter months. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from the west often carry pollutants from agricultural areas, while those from the south can bring dust from Syria.