Kurtalan Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Kurtalan, nestled in the Siirt Province of southeastern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position within the fertile Mesopotamian plains. Located at coordinates 37.9261° N, 41.7003° E, the city sits at an elevation of approximately 820 meters (2,690 feet) above sea level, contributing to a continental climate. The surrounding landscape is characterised by rolling hills and agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to wheat, barley, and fruit orchards. The Tigris River flows nearby, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to temperature inversions during calmer weather. Kurtalan’s urban character is defined by a transition from traditional rural settlements to a more modern, developing town centre. The region’s proximity to the borders of Syria and Iraq adds a layer of geopolitical complexity. Air quality is particularly sensitive here due to the valley location, which can trap pollutants, and the increasing reliance on coal and wood for heating during colder months. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities dominating the immediate surroundings, but increasing industrial activity in the broader region presents a growing concern for localised pollution sources. Dust from agricultural practices and unpaved roads also contributes to particulate matter in the air.

Kurtalan experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern. Spring (March-May) brings a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated winter pollutants, but agricultural burning for land preparation can cause spikes in particulate matter. Summers (June-August) are generally drier with higher temperatures, leading to increased ozone formation, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The hot, dry winds can also carry dust from surrounding areas. Autumn (September-November) sees a return of agricultural activity and the beginning of heating season, leading to a gradual decline in air quality. The most challenging period is winter (December-February). Cold temperatures drive increased use of coal and wood for heating, resulting in high concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and sulfur dioxide. Temperature inversions, common in the valley, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating the problem. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during cold, still winter days. Months to favour for outdoor activity are April-May and June, when conditions are generally cleaner, but monitoring local conditions is always advised. Fog can also contribute to pollutant concentration during the winter months.