Wells Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Wells, Somerset, occupies a unique geographic position within the Mendip Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Situated at approximately 51 metres above sea level, the city nestles within a gentle valley carved by the River Wellspring, a tributary of the River Brue. This low-lying location, while picturesque, contributes to a susceptibility to temperature inversions, particularly during calmer weather conditions. The surrounding landscape is predominantly rural, characterised by rolling hills, limestone quarries, and agricultural land – a mix of pasture and arable farming. Unlike many industrialised cities, Wells lacks a significant local industrial base; however, it’s within commuting distance of Bristol, a major urban and industrial centre, meaning some transported pollutants can impact local air quality. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the city centre to open countryside. The prevailing wind direction is southwesterly, bringing maritime air but also potentially carrying pollutants from the Bristol Channel and wider industrial areas. The city’s compact size and relatively low traffic volume, compared to larger urban areas, generally favour better air quality, but localised concentrations can occur due to road traffic and domestic heating, especially during winter months. The geological composition, largely limestone, also influences local dust levels, particularly during dry periods.

Wells experiences a temperate maritime climate, and its air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter (December-February) typically sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased use of wood-burning stoves and coal fires for domestic heating, coupled with temperature inversions trapping pollutants in the valley. Calm, cold conditions exacerbate this, leading to higher concentrations of particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, although agricultural activities like fertiliser spreading can contribute to ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds dispersing pollutants and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to localised ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual decline in air quality as heating use increases again, and damp conditions can encourage mould growth, impacting indoor air quality. Fog, common in autumn and winter, can trap pollutants near ground level. Sensitive individuals – those with respiratory conditions, the elderly, and young children – should be particularly cautious during winter months and periods of stagnant air. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity on high pollution days and keeping windows closed during peak heating times are recommended.