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Kuçovë, nestled in the Berat region of Albania, occupies a significant, though often overlooked, position within the country’s landscape. Situated at coordinates 40.8039, 19.9144, the city lies in a valley carved by the Devoll River, a tributary of the Vjosë. This valley location, while providing fertile agricultural land, also creates a topographical bowl that can trap pollutants. The surrounding terrain is characterised by rolling hills and the foothills of the Tomorr mountain range to the east, influencing local wind patterns. Kuçovë’s elevation, approximately 200 meters above sea level, contributes to temperature inversions, particularly during the colder months. Historically, the area has been dominated by agriculture, with olive groves and fruit orchards prevalent. However, the presence of a former military airfield and associated industrial activity, though diminished, has left a legacy of potential soil and air contamination. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Kuçovë itself is a compact urban centre, quickly giving way to agricultural lands and sparsely populated hills. This proximity to both agricultural sources (dust, ammonia) and potential industrial remnants significantly impacts local air quality, making it vulnerable to both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The Devoll River, while a vital resource, can also contribute to humidity and fog formation, exacerbating pollution events.

Kuçovë experiences a Mediterranean climate with distinct seasonal variations that profoundly affect air quality. Spring (March-May) sees increasing agricultural activity, releasing dust and ammonia from fertilisation, alongside rising temperatures that can trigger photochemical smog formation. Summer (June-August) is generally drier with more consistent winds, offering some dispersion of pollutants, though heatwaves can worsen ozone levels. However, wildfires in the surrounding hills, becoming increasingly common, pose a significant threat, injecting large quantities of particulate matter into the air. Autumn (September-November) is often marked by temperature inversions, trapping pollutants in the valley as temperatures cool. This period sees a build-up of particulate matter from wood burning for heating, and stagnant air conditions. Winter (December-February) is the most challenging period. Low temperatures, frequent fog, and increased reliance on solid fuels for heating lead to consistently poor air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during these months. November and December are particularly problematic. Periods of strong southerly winds can offer temporary relief, but these are infrequent. Monitoring local conditions and avoiding strenuous activity on still, cold days is crucial for protecting respiratory health.