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Peshkopi, nestled within the Dibër region of Albania, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 41.68°N, 20.43°E. The town sits at an elevation of around 680 meters (2,231 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate compared to coastal areas. Its location within a valley carved by the boundaries of the Osancë Mountains influences local air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly characterized by rolling hills, agricultural fields, and dense deciduous and coniferous forests, a typical feature of the Balkan mountain ranges. This rural setting gradually transitions into a more urban character as Peshkopi itself, a relatively small municipality, expands. The town’s proximity to the Mat River, though not directly adjacent, influences local humidity and microclimates. While not situated directly within a major industrial belt, Peshkopi serves as a regional hub for agricultural processing and small-scale manufacturing, including timber and food products, which can contribute to localized emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the town is surrounded by extensive agricultural land used for crops like wheat and maize, and livestock farming is prevalent. Topographically, the valley setting can trap pollutants, particularly during periods of stable atmospheric conditions. The prevailing winds generally flow from west to east, influenced by the mountain ranges, which can either disperse or concentrate pollutants depending on the season and atmospheric stability. The valley's shape and elevation combine to create a unique microclimate impacting air quality.

Peshkopi’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. During the warmer months (June-August), increased agricultural activity, including fertilizer application and harvesting, can lead to elevated levels of ammonia and particulate matter. The drier conditions also increase the risk of dust storms, particularly during windy periods. Summer’s intense solar radiation promotes photochemical reactions, potentially contributing to ground-level ozone formation, though this is likely less significant than in larger urban areas. Autumn (September-November) often brings periods of temperature inversions, where cooler air becomes trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, hindering vertical mixing and leading to pollutant accumulation. This is a particularly vulnerable period. Winter (December-February) typically sees the lowest overall pollution levels due to reduced agricultural activity and increased rainfall, which helps to wash pollutants from the atmosphere. However, periods of prolonged cold and calm weather can result in stagnant air and localized pollution episodes, especially from residential heating using wood or coal. Spring (March-May) marks a transition period, with increasing temperatures and agricultural activity gradually raising pollution levels. Fog, common during spring mornings, can trap pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter inversions, limiting outdoor exertion during periods of visibly poor air quality. During the warmer months, minimizing exposure during peak sunlight hours and avoiding areas with heavy agricultural activity is advisable.