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Lushnjë, situated in the Fier region of Albania, occupies a geographically significant position within the country’s central lowlands. Located at approximately 40.9333° N, 19.7000° E, the city rests at a relatively low elevation, averaging around 120 meters above sea level. This low-lying terrain, characteristic of the surrounding Myzeqë Plain, contributes to a generally flat landscape punctuated by gentle undulations. The plain itself is a fertile agricultural zone, primarily dedicated to cereal cultivation and livestock farming, which influences regional air quality dynamics. Lushnjë’s proximity to the Seman River, though not directly bordering it, provides a degree of humidity and influences local weather patterns. To the west, the landscape gradually rises towards the Albanian Adriatic coastal plain, while eastward, it transitions into the more rugged terrain of the Mallakastra region. The urban fabric of Lushnjë is a mix of older, traditional structures and newer developments, reflecting its growth as a regional administrative and commercial center. The city’s location, nestled within a productive agricultural belt and experiencing a gradual urban–rural gradient, means that agricultural practices and increasing vehicular traffic both play a role in shaping its air quality profile. The surrounding landscape, largely open farmland, can both disperse pollutants and, under certain meteorological conditions, trap them, creating localized air quality challenges. The absence of significant natural barriers means that pollutants can travel relatively long distances, impacting the city’s air quality from both local and regional sources.

Lushnjë’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its Mediterranean climate. Spring (March-May) typically sees a gradual improvement in air quality as temperatures rise and rainfall increases, flushing out accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including fertilizer application and field preparation, can introduce particulate matter and ammonia into the atmosphere. Summer (June-August) is generally the driest period, and while sunlight promotes dispersion, stagnant air masses and occasional heatwaves can lead to localized pollution episodes, particularly in the city center. The lack of consistent wind during these periods can trap pollutants near ground level. Autumn (September-November) brings a return to increased rainfall and cooler temperatures, which usually leads to a noticeable decline in air pollution. However, the burning of agricultural residues after harvest, a common practice in the region, can significantly degrade air quality during this time. Winter (December-February) often presents the most challenging conditions. Cold, stable air masses frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by reducing visibility and hindering dispersion. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor activity on days with persistent fog or stagnant air. Spring and autumn offer more favorable periods for outdoor recreation, but awareness of agricultural practices remains important. Careful monitoring of local weather conditions and air quality reports is always recommended.