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Ouled Slama Tahta, nestled within the Blida Province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 36.5483° latitude and 3.1100° longitude. The city’s terrain is characterized by a gently undulating landscape, typical of the Tell Atlas foothills, rising to an elevation of around 700 meters above sea level. This elevation contributes to localized temperature inversions, a key factor influencing air quality. Situated roughly 40 kilometers southwest of Algiers, the nation’s capital, Ouled Slama Tahta exists within a transitional zone between the urban sprawl of the metropolitan area and the more rural agricultural lands that dominate the surrounding Blida region. The landscape is a mosaic of olive groves, cereal fields, and scattered vineyards, reflecting the region’s agricultural heritage. While not directly adjacent to a major river, the city benefits from proximity to smaller seasonal streams and groundwater resources, influencing local humidity levels. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city acting as a service hub for the surrounding agricultural communities. The prevailing winds generally originate from the northwest, carrying air masses from the Mediterranean Sea, which can introduce marine aerosols and influence pollutant dispersion. The presence of smaller industrial units, primarily related to agricultural processing and light manufacturing, contributes to localized pollution sources. The surrounding topography, with its hills and valleys, can trap pollutants, particularly during periods of calm weather, exacerbating air quality challenges.

The air quality in Ouled Slama Tahta exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by Algeria’s Mediterranean climate. Spring (March-May) typically sees improved air quality as winds strengthen, dispersing accumulated pollutants from the winter months. However, dust storms originating from the Sahara can occasionally impact the city, reducing visibility and increasing particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is generally characterized by hot, dry conditions and relatively stable atmospheric conditions. Temperature inversions are common during this period, trapping pollutants close to the ground, particularly in the evenings and early mornings. Agricultural activities, including burning of crop residues, can also contribute to localized pollution spikes. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual shift towards cooler temperatures and increased rainfall, which helps to cleanse the atmosphere. However, the transition period can be marked by periods of stagnant air and elevated levels of pollutants. Winter (December-February) often presents the most challenging air quality conditions. Cold, calm weather promotes temperature inversions, trapping pollutants released from residential heating (primarily wood and charcoal) and local industries. Fog, common during this season, further reduces dispersion. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air and fog, particularly in the early morning hours. The months of December and January are generally the least favourable for outdoor pursuits, while spring and autumn offer more moderate conditions, though vigilance regarding dust storms remains important. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial during periods of poor air quality.