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’Aïn Taghrout, nestled within the Bordj Bou Arréridj province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position in the High Atlas Mountains foothills. Located at coordinates 36.1289, 5.0767, the city sits at an elevation of approximately 1200 meters, influencing its climate and air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterised by rolling hills and plateaus, typical of the Tell Atlas range, transitioning into more rugged mountainous terrain further south. While not directly adjacent to a major body of water, the city benefits from seasonal streams and groundwater resources originating from the higher elevations. ’Aïn Taghrout’s urban character is that of a provincial town, exhibiting a gradient from denser residential areas towards the centre to more dispersed agricultural land on the periphery. The region is primarily agricultural, with olive groves and cereal crops dominating the surrounding plains. A moderate level of small-scale industrial activity, including food processing and building materials, exists within and around Bordj Bou Arréridj, potentially contributing to localised pollution. The city’s position within a valley can exacerbate pollution events due to limited atmospheric dispersion, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The urban-rural gradient impacts air quality, with rural areas generally experiencing lower concentrations of pollutants, though agricultural practices can introduce particulate matter.

Air quality in ’Aïn Taghrout experiences distinct seasonal variations. Spring (March-May) often sees a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated pollutants, though agricultural burning for land preparation can cause spikes in particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is typically drier, with higher temperatures and increased potential for ozone formation, particularly on still, sunny days. The hot, dry winds from the Sahara, known as the Sirocco, can transport dust and sand, significantly degrading air quality during these periods. Autumn (September-November) brings a return of rainfall and cooler temperatures, generally improving air quality, but also coinciding with increased heating demands as temperatures drop. Winter (December-February) is the most challenging period. Temperature inversions are common in the valley setting, trapping pollutants near the ground. Wood and charcoal burning for heating become prevalent, contributing significantly to particulate matter concentrations. Sensitive individuals, including those with respiratory conditions and the elderly, should limit outdoor activity during these colder months. Months to avoid for strenuous outdoor activity are December, January and February. Conversely, April and May generally offer the most favourable conditions. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial, as northerly winds can bring cleaner air from the Mediterranean.