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Aomar, nestled within the Bouira Province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position in the Tell Atlas mountain range. Located at coordinates 36.5000, 3.7667, the city’s terrain is characterised by rolling hills and valleys, typical of the region. With an elevation around 1000-1500m above sea level, Aomar experiences a continental climate influenced by its altitude and proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, though the sea’s moderating effect is lessened by the mountainous barrier. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with olive groves, orchards, and cereal farming dominating the lower slopes. While not directly adjacent to a major industrial belt, Bouira Province does contain some smaller-scale industrial activity related to food processing and building materials, potentially contributing to localised pollution. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Aomar itself is a relatively small city of around 20,532 inhabitants, quickly transitioning to rural farmland and forested hillsides. This topography can trap pollutants during periods of calm weather, exacerbating air quality issues. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, can transport pollutants from more industrialised areas further west along the coast, impacting Aomar’s air quality. Dust from the surrounding agricultural lands and occasional Sahara Desert incursions also contribute to particulate matter levels.

Aomar’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement after the winter, but agricultural burning for land preparation can temporarily elevate particulate matter. Summer (June-August) typically offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds dispersing pollutants and infrequent rainfall washing the atmosphere. However, high temperatures can promote ground-level ozone formation, particularly in areas with vehicle traffic. Autumn (September-November) marks a deterioration in air quality as temperatures drop and temperature inversions become more frequent, trapping pollutants near the ground. This is often compounded by increased domestic heating using wood or other solid fuels. Winter (December-February) is generally the worst period for air quality. Cold, stagnant air masses and frequent temperature inversions lead to the accumulation of pollutants from heating sources. Fog, common during winter months, can further exacerbate particulate matter concentrations. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June, July and August. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; periods with winds from the west may bring poorer air quality.