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Chabet el Ameur, nestled within the Boumerdes province of Algeria, occupies a strategically significant position along the Mediterranean coast. Located at approximately 36.63°N, 3.70°E, the city’s geography is defined by its proximity to the Tell Atlas Mountains, which rise sharply to the north and west. This mountainous terrain significantly influences local weather patterns and, consequently, air quality. The city itself sits on a relatively gentle slope descending towards the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 15 kilometers distant, providing a degree of coastal influence but also creating a funnel effect for air movement. The surrounding landscape is a blend of terraced agricultural land – primarily olive groves and citrus orchards – and scrubland, typical of the Mediterranean biome. To the east, the urban–rural gradient transitions more rapidly into rugged mountain terrain. The region’s industrial activity is relatively limited compared to larger Algerian cities, though some light manufacturing and agricultural processing are present. The prevailing winds generally blow from the northwest, carrying air masses from the mountains and the sea. This topography can lead to localized air stagnation, particularly during periods of calm weather, trapping pollutants within the valley. The elevation of Chabet el Ameur, while not exceptionally high, contributes to cooler temperatures and potential for temperature inversions, especially during the autumn and winter months, further impacting air quality by hindering vertical mixing. The coastal location introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures but also potentially contributing to humidity and fog, which can trap pollutants.

Chabet el Ameur’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, generally sees improved air quality due to increased wind speeds and solar radiation, which aids in pollutant dispersion and photochemical degradation. However, periods of prolonged calm can still lead to localized pollution episodes. Autumn (October-November) often presents a transitional period, with decreasing temperatures and a higher frequency of temperature inversions, particularly in the mornings. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, potentially leading to increased concentrations. Winter (December-February) is typically the most challenging period for air quality. Cold, stable air masses combined with frequent fog and temperature inversions create conditions conducive to pollutant accumulation. Agricultural burning, though regulated, can also contribute to particulate matter during this time. Spring (March-April) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, dispersing pollutants. The maritime influence moderates extreme temperatures, but humidity can still contribute to the persistence of certain pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the winter months, particularly on days with fog or temperature inversions. Limiting outdoor exertion and monitoring local air quality reports are advisable. During the dry season, while generally better, prolonged periods of calm should still prompt awareness and reduced outdoor activity for vulnerable populations. The agricultural cycle, with its associated activities, can also impact air quality, particularly during planting and harvesting seasons.