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Tidjelabine, nestled within the Boumerdes Province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position along the Mediterranean coastline. Located at coordinates 36.7333° N, 3.5000° E, the city benefits from a moderate elevation, rising from the coastal plains towards the Tell Atlas mountains. This terrain influences local wind patterns and can contribute to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. The immediate surrounding landscape is characterised by a mix of agricultural land – primarily olive groves and citrus orchards – and increasingly, residential development. Tidjelabine’s proximity to the Mediterranean Sea introduces a moderating influence on temperatures, but also the potential for sea breezes to transport pollutants inland, or conversely, disperse them. While not a major industrial hub itself, Tidjelabine is situated within a region experiencing growing industrial activity further west towards Algiers, and east towards Djijel. This regional industrialisation contributes to background pollution levels. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural areas bordering the city limits. The city’s air quality is therefore a complex interplay of local emissions from traffic and domestic sources, regional industrial pollutants, and meteorological conditions dictated by its coastal mountain setting. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective air quality management in Tidjelabine.

Tidjelabine experiences a Mediterranean climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons heavily influencing air quality. Winter (December-February) often sees increased particulate matter concentrations due to wood burning for heating and stable atmospheric conditions leading to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. Rainfall during this period offers temporary relief, washing pollutants from the air. Spring (March-May) brings improving conditions as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, dispersing pollutants. However, agricultural burning of crop residue can briefly elevate particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is typically the clearest period, with strong sea breezes and high temperatures promoting dispersion. However, ozone formation can be a concern due to intense sunlight and vehicle emissions. Autumn (September-November) sees a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing potential for stagnant air. The Harmattan wind, a dry and dusty trade wind from the Sahara, can occasionally impact air quality, bringing sand and dust particles. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of Harmattan wind. Monitoring wind direction and avoiding peak traffic hours are advisable throughout the year.