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Chekfa, nestled within the Jijel Province of Algeria, occupies a strategically significant coastal position along the Mediterranean Sea. Located at approximately 36.77° N, 5.97° E, the city’s geography is defined by a dramatic interplay of mountainous terrain and the sea. The surrounding landscape is characterized by the Tell Atlas mountains, which rise steeply behind Chekfa, influencing local wind patterns and creating a rain shadow effect that impacts precipitation. The urban area itself is relatively compact, sprawling along the coastal plain and gradually ascending the lower slopes of the mountains. This elevation, averaging around 200 meters above sea level, contributes to localized temperature inversions, particularly during cooler months. The proximity to the Mediterranean is crucial; sea breezes typically provide ventilation, but can also carry marine aerosols and, occasionally, pollutants from distant industrial sources. The region surrounding Chekfa is a mix of agricultural land – primarily olive groves and citrus orchards – and small rural settlements. Further inland lies a more rugged, sparsely populated mountainous zone. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities contributing to localized dust and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. The city’s position within the wider Algerian coastal belt means it is susceptible to transboundary pollution events originating from larger industrial centers further west. The terrain’s complexity, combined with the Mediterranean influence, creates a microclimate that significantly shapes Chekfa’s air quality profile, often leading to variable conditions within short distances.

Chekfa’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by Mediterranean climate patterns. The dry summer months (June-August) are generally characterized by clear skies and high temperatures, but also by stagnant air conditions. The intense solar radiation promotes photochemical smog formation, with pollutants accumulating due to weak winds and the potential for temperature inversions trapping emissions close to the ground. Dust storms, originating from the Sahara, can occasionally impact air quality during this period, though Chekfa’s coastal location offers some protection. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual shift, with increased rainfall and more frequent, stronger winds that help disperse pollutants. However, agricultural burning practices, common during harvest season, can contribute to localized smoke episodes. Winter (December-February) often sees the most stable atmospheric conditions, with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants, particularly in the mornings. Fog is also common, further reducing visibility and concentrating particulate matter. Spring (March-May) marks a transition period, with increasing wind speeds and rainfall gradually improving air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer and winter months, limiting outdoor activity during peak pollution hours. Agricultural workers should be aware of potential smoke exposure during autumn. The interplay of temperature, wind, and precipitation dictates the air quality experience throughout the year, demanding adaptive strategies for public health.