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Sougueur, nestled within the Tiaret Province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position in the country’s northwest. Located at coordinates 35.1833°N, 1.5000°E, the city sits on the High Plateaus, a vast, undulating landscape characterized by steppe-like grasslands and rolling hills. The terrain is generally elevated, contributing to cooler temperatures than coastal regions, but lacking the dramatic peaks of the Atlas Mountains further south. Sougueur’s elevation, around 1300 meters, influences air dispersion, though temperature inversions can still trap pollutants. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with wheat and barley cultivation being prominent. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces particulate matter from plowing and harvesting, as well as potential ammonia emissions from fertilizer use. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Sougueur is a regional center, but quickly gives way to sparsely populated rural areas. There are no major industrial belts directly within Sougueur, however, regional industrial activity in nearby cities can contribute to long-range transport of pollutants. Proximity to larger urban centers like Tiaret also means potential for pollutant influx. The lack of significant bodies of water nearby means humidity is generally low, impacting dust suspension. This combination of factors creates a unique air quality profile for Sougueur.

Sougueur experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, profoundly impacting its air quality. Spring (March-May) sees a rise in particulate matter as agricultural activities intensify, with plowing and burning of stubble releasing dust and smoke. Winds, often strong during this period, can exacerbate dust storms. Summer (June-August) is typically characterized by clearer skies due to limited rainfall and stronger atmospheric mixing, but high temperatures can promote ozone formation. However, prolonged drought conditions can worsen dust levels. Autumn (September-November) brings a transition period with increased rainfall, which helps to suppress dust, but also creates damp conditions that can trap pollutants near the ground. Temperature inversions become more frequent during the cooler nights, concentrating pollutants. Winter (December-February) is the wettest season, offering the best air quality due to rainfall scavenging pollutants. However, wood burning for heating in residential areas can lead to localized spikes in particulate matter. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during spring agricultural periods and winter heating seasons. Months of July and August generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity.