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Nedroma, nestled within the Tlemcen Province of Algeria, occupies a unique geographic position in the northwest of the country. Located at approximately 35°N latitude and -1.73°E longitude, the city is situated in a valley within the Tell Atlas mountain range, a landscape characterised by rolling hills and fertile plains. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, with olive groves and vineyards dominating the landscape, alongside some cereal cultivation. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, contributes to seasonal particulate matter from field preparation and harvesting. Nedroma’s elevation, around 800 meters above sea level, influences temperature and atmospheric circulation. The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, roughly 30km north, introduces maritime influences, moderating temperatures but also potentially trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. While not directly adjacent to major industrial belts, Tlemcen city, a regional hub, lies approximately 30km to the east, and its industrial emissions can contribute to background pollution levels in Nedroma, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the denser city centre to the surrounding agricultural lands, impacting localised pollution dispersion patterns. The valley location can exacerbate pollution build-up, limiting natural ventilation.

Nedroma experiences a Mediterranean climate, dictating a clear seasonal pattern in air quality. Summer (June-August) often sees relatively cleaner air, driven by prevailing winds from the Mediterranean Sea which help disperse pollutants. However, high temperatures can promote ozone formation, a secondary pollutant, impacting respiratory health. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition, with decreasing wind speeds and the onset of agricultural burning, leading to increased particulate matter. This is often the period with the poorest air quality. Winter (December-February) brings cooler temperatures and potential temperature inversions within the valley, trapping pollutants close to the ground, particularly from domestic heating using wood and charcoal. Fog can also exacerbate these conditions. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and rainfall increases, washing away accumulated pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air and agricultural burning is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors when pollution is noticeable is crucial for protecting health. The months of June to August generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.