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Coronel Dorrego, nestled within the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, occupies a geographically significant position within the Pampas region. Located at approximately -38.7000 latitude and -61.2667 longitude, the city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the expansive grasslands that define the Pampas. Its elevation is relatively low, contributing to a tendency for air to become trapped under certain meteorological conditions. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – primarily dedicated to soybean and wheat cultivation – interspersed with smaller settlements and estancias (ranches). This proximity to intensive agricultural practices introduces potential sources of particulate matter, particularly during planting and harvesting seasons, as well as from fertilizer application. While Coronel Dorrego isn't directly adjacent to a major river, it lies within the drainage basin of the Río de la Plata, a large estuary influencing regional weather patterns. The urban–rural gradient is gradual; the city blends seamlessly into the agricultural landscape, with residential areas often bordering farmland. The city’s location, approximately 80 kilometers south of Buenos Aires, places it within the sphere of influence of the capital’s industrial activity and transportation networks, although the impact is lessened compared to closer suburbs. The Pampas’ generally humid climate, with frequent rainfall, can help to cleanse the air, but also contributes to fog formation, which can exacerbate pollution episodes by trapping pollutants near the ground. The flat topography limits natural ventilation, potentially hindering the dispersion of emissions.

Coronel Dorrego’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle driven by meteorological factors. Summer (December-February) often brings periods of stagnant air, particularly during heatwaves, which can lead to the accumulation of pollutants. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap cooler air near the ground, preventing the vertical mixing of air and concentrating emissions. While rainfall is relatively frequent, it’s not always sufficient to counteract the effects of these inversions. Autumn (March-May) sees a gradual shift, with increased wind speeds aiding in pollutant dispersal, generally improving air quality. However, agricultural burning, a practice sometimes employed to clear fields, can introduce significant particulate matter during this period. Winter (June-August) is typically the most challenging season. Cold, stable air masses frequently settle over the Pampas, creating persistent temperature inversions and fog. These conditions severely restrict air movement, leading to a build-up of pollutants. The prevalence of fog further reduces visibility and can irritate respiratory systems. Spring (September-November) marks a transition period, with increasingly frequent wind events and warmer temperatures gradually breaking down the winter stagnation. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer and winter, limiting outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air or fog. Agricultural workers should be particularly mindful of air quality during autumn burning season, utilizing appropriate respiratory protection.