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Sevan, nestled within the Geghark’unik’ Province of Armenia, occupies a uniquely strategic and geographically sensitive location. The city sits on the northwestern shore of Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the Caucasus region and a vital freshwater resource. Its coordinates (40.5550, 44.9536) place it at an elevation of approximately 1,900 meters (6,234 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate and distinct atmospheric conditions. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the Geghama Mountains, a volcanic highland characterized by rugged terrain, alpine meadows, and scattered forests. This mountainous topography significantly influences local air circulation patterns; valleys can trap pollutants, while prevailing winds, often originating from the north, can disperse them, though also carrying pollutants from upstream sources. The urban–rural gradient around Sevan is relatively sharp. While the city itself is a modest size, it serves as a regional hub for tourism and fishing, drawing visitors and supporting related industries. Agricultural zones, primarily focused on livestock and fruit cultivation, extend outwards, potentially contributing to localized emissions, particularly during harvest seasons. The proximity to Lake Sevan introduces a moderating effect on temperature and humidity, but also presents concerns regarding potential impacts of atmospheric deposition on the lake's fragile ecosystem. The region's geological history, marked by volcanic activity, also influences soil composition and potential sources of particulate matter.

Sevan’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological factors. Summers (June-August) are generally drier and warmer, with increased solar radiation and stable atmospheric conditions. This often leads to temperature inversions, particularly in the evenings, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air and pollutants near the ground, potentially exacerbating localized air quality issues. Agricultural activities, including haymaking, can also contribute to particulate matter during this period. Autumn (September-November) brings cooler temperatures and increased wind speeds, which typically disperse pollutants, leading to improved air quality. However, the burning of agricultural residues, a traditional practice, can create short-term spikes in pollution. Winter (December-February) is characterized by cold temperatures, frequent fog, and periods of calm winds. The combination of these factors can result in stagnant air and the accumulation of pollutants, especially from residential heating using wood or other biomass fuels. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual warming trend and increased precipitation, which helps to cleanse the atmosphere and improve air quality. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer evenings and winter months, limiting outdoor exertion and monitoring local conditions. Avoiding outdoor activities during periods of agricultural burning in autumn is also advisable. The lake itself can influence humidity levels, which can affect the dispersion of certain pollutants.