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Quzanlı, situated in the Ağdam region of Azerbaijan (40.1591° N, 47.1653° E), occupies a strategically important location within the Karabakh plain, a gently undulating landscape historically vital for trade and agriculture. The city’s elevation, approximately 850 meters above sea level, contributes to a unique microclimate and influences local air circulation patterns. Surrounded by the foothills of the Karabakh mountain range to the south and west, Quzanlı experiences a funneling effect; prevailing winds can be channeled through these valleys, concentrating pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and fruits – a significant factor in seasonal particulate matter. Historically, the area was a key transit route, and while large-scale industrial activity is currently limited within Quzanlı itself, the broader Ağdam region has seen some development, and potential emissions from nearby processing facilities could impact air quality. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land immediately bordering the town, meaning agricultural practices, including burning of crop residue (though increasingly regulated), can directly affect local air quality. The lack of significant bodies of water nearby limits the natural cleansing effect of humidity and precipitation, further impacting the dispersal of pollutants. The terrain’s topography, combined with the agricultural setting, creates a complex interplay of factors influencing Quzanlı’s air quality profile.

Quzanlı’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its continental climate. Spring (March-May) often sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including the initial stages of planting and fertilizer application, can introduce localized emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting dispersion. The dry heat, however, can exacerbate respiratory issues for sensitive individuals. Autumn (September-November) marks a concerning shift. As temperatures cool and wind speeds decrease, a propensity for temperature inversions develops, trapping pollutants near the ground. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice for land clearing, becomes more prevalent during this period, significantly increasing particulate matter. Winter (December-February) is typically the most challenging season. Cold, stable air masses, coupled with frequent fog and reduced wind speeds, lead to stagnant air and the accumulation of pollutants. The lack of precipitation during these months further compounds the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter, particularly on days with low visibility or a noticeable odour. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial. Public health advisories regarding agricultural burning are crucial during autumn to mitigate the impact on air quality.