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Duptiair, nestled within the Dhaka Governorate of Bangladesh at coordinates 23.9925°N, 89.7973°E, is a small urban centre deeply embedded within the vast and fertile Bengal Delta. With a population of approximately 26,336, the city’s geography is defined by its low-lying, flat terrain, typical of the region. It’s situated amidst a complex network of rivers and canals, tributaries of the larger Padma and Jamuna rivers, which contribute to high humidity and frequent flooding during the monsoon season. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by intensive rice cultivation, alongside pockets of brick kilns and small-scale industries. Duptiair’s position within this agricultural belt and proximity to Dhaka, a major industrial hub, significantly impacts its air quality. The urban-rural gradient is relatively blurred, with agricultural activities extending close to the city centre. This proximity means pollutants from agricultural burning, fertilizer use, and brick production are readily transported into Duptiair. The lack of significant elevation and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants, exacerbating air quality issues. The deltaic environment also limits natural dispersion of pollutants, making Duptiair particularly vulnerable to localized pollution sources and regional haze.

Duptiair experiences a tropical monsoon climate, dictating a distinct wet and dry season that profoundly influences air quality. The dry season, from November to March, is typically the most polluted period. Cooler temperatures and reduced rainfall lead to increased use of biomass burning for heating and cooking, alongside stagnant air conditions and temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. January and February are particularly challenging. The pre-monsoon months of April and May bring dust storms and increased industrial activity, further degrading air quality. The arrival of the monsoon in June marks a significant improvement. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away particulate matter, and increased wind speeds disperse pollutants. However, high humidity can also promote the formation of secondary pollutants. While the monsoon offers temporary relief, increased agricultural activity and waterlogging can contribute to localized sources of pollution. Post-monsoon, from October to November, sees a gradual return to drier conditions and worsening air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the dry season and pre-monsoon periods, and consider using air purifiers indoors.