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Jessore, situated in southwestern Bangladesh's Khulna Division, occupies a strategic position in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta's fertile plains, approximately 150 kilometers southwest of Dhaka. The city lies at a low elevation of around 10 meters above sea level, with a flat terrain that exacerbates air stagnation and pollutant accumulation. Jessore's urban character blends administrative functions with commercial agriculture, serving as a regional hub for trade and transportation. Its location places it within Bangladesh's intensive agricultural belt, where rice paddies and jute fields dominate the landscape, interspersed with numerous brick kilns that operate seasonally. The city is positioned between the Bhairab and Kobadak rivers, though not directly on major waterways, which limits natural ventilation from water bodies. This urban-rural gradient creates a pollution hotspot where emissions from concentrated urban activities—vehicle exhaust, construction dust, and domestic biomass burning—merge with agricultural burning and industrial emissions from surrounding areas. The region's flat topography prevents effective dispersion of pollutants, while its proximity to the Bay of Bengal, about 100 kilometers south, influences seasonal wind patterns that alternately trap or clear airborne contaminants. Jessore's geography as a low-lying node in an agricultural-industrial corridor makes it particularly vulnerable to compounded air quality issues from both urban and rural sources.

Jessore's air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by its tropical wet-and-dry climate and regional meteorology. During the dry winter months from November to February, pollution peaks dramatically due to multiple converging factors: calm winds, frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, and reduced atmospheric mixing. This period coincides with intensive brick kiln operations, agricultural residue burning after harvests, and increased domestic biomass burning for heating, creating a hazardous haze that often combines with morning fog. Sensitive groups—children, elderly, and those with respiratory conditions—should minimize outdoor activities during these months, especially in early mornings when inversions are strongest. The pre-monsoon season from March to May brings rising temperatures and occasional dust storms, with moderate pollution levels as some sources diminish but construction and road dust increase. The monsoon from June to September offers the cleanest air, as heavy rainfall scrubs pollutants from the atmosphere and strong southwesterly winds from the Bay of Bengal provide effective dispersion. However, this season brings flooding and waterlogging that can temporarily suspend outdoor activities. The post-monsoon period in October sees a gradual return of pollution as dry conditions reestablish and agricultural burning resumes. For health protection, residents should monitor local air quality advisories and plan outdoor exercise for monsoon months when pollution is lowest.