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Jessore, situated in southwestern Bangladesh's Khulna Division, occupies a strategic position within the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta's fertile plains. The city lies approximately 23.1704°N, 89.2000°E at an elevation of just 7 meters above sea level, making it part of Bangladesh's vast low-lying terrain. Jessore's urban character blends administrative functions with commercial agriculture, serving as a regional hub connecting Kolkata to Dhaka via the Jessore Road. The surrounding landscape consists of flat alluvial plains intersected by numerous rivers and canals, including the Bhairab River flowing nearby, which creates a humid microclimate. This low elevation and proximity to water bodies contribute to atmospheric moisture retention that can trap pollutants. Jessore sits within Bangladesh's intensive agricultural belt, where rice paddies and jute fields dominate the rural-urban gradient. During post-harvest seasons, agricultural burning in surrounding areas significantly impacts air quality. The city's position along major transportation corridors means vehicular emissions from trucks and buses are constant pollution sources. Urban expansion has created a patchwork of densely populated neighborhoods transitioning to peri-urban agricultural zones, creating complex pollution dynamics where domestic biomass burning, brick kiln emissions, and transportation exhaust intermingle. The flat terrain offers little topographic relief to disperse pollutants, while the humid climate facilitates secondary aerosol formation from precursor gases.

Jessore's air quality follows distinct seasonal patterns shaped by the South Asian monsoon cycle. During winter (December-February), cool temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, creating the year's worst air quality. Morning fog combines with smoke from agricultural residue burning and domestic heating to form persistent haze. Sensitive groups should limit outdoor activities during these months, particularly in early mornings when pollution concentrations peak. Spring (March-May) brings rising temperatures and pre-monsoon dust storms that temporarily worsen air quality, though increased convection helps disperse some pollutants. The summer monsoon (June-September) dramatically improves conditions as heavy rains wash pollutants from the atmosphere and strong southwesterly winds ventilate the region. This represents the best period for outdoor activities, though high humidity can make particle deposition less efficient. Autumn (October-November) sees deteriorating air quality as monsoon rains retreat and agricultural burning intensifies during the Aman rice harvest. Post-monsoon calm conditions allow pollution buildup, creating a gradual transition to winter's poor air quality. Throughout the year, meteorological factors like low wind speeds during transitional seasons and high humidity facilitate secondary aerosol formation. Sensitive individuals should monitor local air quality reports year-round, with particular caution during winter inversions and autumn burning periods when particulate matter concentrations are highest.