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Byaroza, nestled within the Brestskaya Voblasts’ of Belarus, occupies a relatively flat, low-lying position in the south-western part of the country. Its coordinates (52.5500, 24.9667) place it within the Pinsk Marshes region, historically a vast wetland area, though much has been drained for agricultural use. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterised by fields of crops – primarily potatoes, flax, and grains – and scattered forests. The Yaselda River flows nearby, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to temperature inversions during calmer weather. Byaroza’s elevation is low, generally under 150m above sea level, which limits atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The city itself is a small urban centre, exhibiting a typical post-Soviet urban form with a concentration of residential and commercial buildings around a central core. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; immediately surrounding the city are agricultural lands, transitioning to larger forested areas further afield. This proximity to agricultural activity introduces potential sources of particulate matter from field work and fertilizer application, while the limited topography hinders pollutant dispersal, concentrating emissions within the local area. The regional climate is temperate continental, influencing pollution patterns. The lack of significant natural barriers to air flow means Byaroza is susceptible to transboundary pollution from neighbouring regions.

Byaroza experiences a distinct seasonal air quality narrative. Spring (March-May) often sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural activities – ploughing, sowing, and fertilizer spreading – combined with damp conditions that trap pollutants. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from prevailing winds and rainfall that help disperse and wash away contaminants. However, heatwaves can exacerbate ground-level ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) brings a deterioration in air quality as heating systems are activated, increasing emissions from burning wood and fossil fuels. This period is also marked by stagnant air masses and frequent temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. Winter (December-February) is typically the most polluted season, with consistently low temperatures driving increased reliance on heating, and snow cover reflecting pollutants back into the atmosphere. Fog, common during winter months, further reduces visibility and exacerbates respiratory issues. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during autumn and winter. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June, July and August. Monitoring local weather forecasts and avoiding periods of calm, foggy conditions is crucial for protecting respiratory health.