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Slutsk, situated in the Minskaya Voblasts’ region of Belarus (coordinates 53.0333, 27.5667), occupies a geographically significant position within the Belarusian Polesia lowlands. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the broader region, with gentle undulations defining the landscape. Elevation averages around 160 meters above sea level, contributing to a relatively stable atmospheric layer, though this can also exacerbate pollution accumulation under certain conditions. Slutsk is nestled near the Ptich River, a tributary of the Pripyat River, which influences local humidity and can impact the dispersion of pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – primarily grain and potato cultivation – interspersed with patches of forest and wetland, typical of the Polesia region. This agricultural activity contributes to seasonal particulate matter, especially during harvest periods. To the east, the city gradually transitions into more extensive forested areas, while westward, the urban–rural gradient is less pronounced, with smaller settlements and agricultural land extending outwards. Historically, Slutsk has been a transportation hub, and its location along key routes has fostered industrial development, including food processing and machinery manufacturing, which are significant contributors to local air quality challenges. The relatively flat topography and proximity to agricultural zones create a setting where pollutants can linger, particularly when meteorological conditions are unfavorable for dispersion.

Slutsk’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by Belarus’s continental climate. Winter (December-February) often presents the most challenging conditions. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground and resulting in stagnant air. The use of heating systems, primarily coal and wood, further exacerbates particulate matter concentrations. Fog, common during these months, restricts visibility and impedes pollutant dispersal. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, aiding in the ventilation of pollutants. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application and tilling, can contribute to ammonia and particulate matter emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures, more frequent rainfall, and stronger winds promoting dispersion. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and agricultural harvest activities resume, releasing dust and particulate matter. The transition months of October and November are particularly susceptible to stagnant air and elevated pollution levels. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during winter mornings and on days with low wind speeds or fog. During harvest season, wearing masks can mitigate exposure to agricultural dust. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial throughout the year.