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Pastavy, nestled within the Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’ of Belarus, occupies a geographically significant position within the Polesian Lowlands, a vast, flat expanse characterized by wetlands, forests, and meandering rivers. Located at approximately 55.1167° N, 26.8333° E, the city’s terrain is predominantly low-lying, with an average elevation of around 150 meters above sea level. This flatness contributes to a tendency for air pollutants to linger, particularly during periods of calm weather. The city is bisected by the Isloch River, a major tributary of the Dnieper, which influences local humidity and can, under certain meteorological conditions, trap pollutants near the water's surface. Surrounding Pastavy is a mosaic of agricultural land – primarily grain and potato cultivation – interspersed with extensive deciduous and mixed forests, typical of the Belarusian landscape. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, can contribute to seasonal particulate matter pollution from field burning practices, although regulations aim to mitigate this. Further afield, the city lies within reach of industrial zones concentrated in larger Belarusian cities, and transport corridors, meaning that long-range transport of pollutants is a possibility. The urban-rural gradient around Pastavy is relatively gradual, with smaller villages and agricultural settlements blending seamlessly into the forested landscape, impacting the overall air quality dynamics as emissions from these areas can diffuse into the city. The flat topography and proximity to water and agricultural land combine to create a unique microclimate that significantly influences air quality patterns.

Pastavy’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by Belarus’s continental climate. Spring (March-May) often brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and snow cover diminishes, though agricultural activities like fertilizer application can temporarily elevate ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality, with frequent rainfall and convective mixing dispersing pollutants. However, periods of prolonged heat and calm conditions can lead to localized stagnation. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. As temperatures cool, temperature inversions become more frequent, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the mornings. Agricultural burning, if permitted, can significantly worsen air quality during this period. The harvest season contributes to dust from tilled fields. Winter (December-February) is typically the most challenging season. Cold temperatures, frequent fog, and persistent temperature inversions create stable atmospheric conditions that trap pollutants, leading to increased concentrations of particulate matter and other pollutants. The lack of wind and the prevalence of fog exacerbate the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during prolonged periods of fog and temperature inversions, especially in the early morning hours. During the warmer months, while generally better, avoiding strenuous activity during peak heat can be beneficial. Public health advisories are crucial during autumn and winter to inform residents about potential air quality risks and recommend precautionary measures.