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Aarschot, nestled in the heart of Flemish Brabant, Belgium, occupies a gently undulating landscape characteristic of the Belgian loess belt. Situated at coordinates 50.9875, 4.8333, the city benefits from a central location within Flanders, approximately 30km east of Brussels and 40km west of Leuven. The terrain is relatively flat, with subtle rises offering views across the surrounding agricultural lands. The Demer River meanders nearby, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to temperature inversions during calmer weather. Aarschot’s urban character is defined by its historic centre, radiating outwards into more modern residential areas and bordering farmland. While not directly within a major industrial belt, the proximity to the industrial areas around Leuven and Brussels means that long-range transport of pollutants is a factor. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the town centre to open fields and smaller villages. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of ammonia and particulate matter from farming activities. The prevailing westerly winds carry pollutants from more densely populated and industrialised regions, impacting Aarschot’s air quality. The city’s relatively low elevation doesn’t offer significant dispersion of pollutants, making it susceptible to localised build-ups.

Aarschot’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, largely dictated by meteorological conditions and human activity. Winter, from November to February, often sees poorer air quality due to increased reliance on solid fuel heating, coupled with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. Calm, damp conditions and fog exacerbate this, particularly in December and January. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural activities can contribute to particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds dispersing pollutants and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. The return to heating, combined with agricultural harvesting, can lead to a gradual decline in air quality. October is often a particularly challenging month. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn periods. Monitoring pollen levels is crucial in spring. Avoiding peak traffic hours and exercising away from busy roads are advisable year-round. The wet season, generally autumn and winter, tends to ‘wash’ pollutants from the air, offering temporary relief.