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Jodoigne, nestled in the heart of Wallonia, Belgium, occupies a gently undulating landscape within the broader Dyle valley. Its coordinates (50.7276, 4.8723) place it approximately 30km southeast of Brussels, positioning it within a transitional zone between the densely populated Flemish region and the more rural, agricultural areas of Wallonia. The terrain is characterised by low hills and fertile plains, sculpted by glacial activity during past ice ages. The Dyle river, a tributary of the Scheldt, meanders nearby, influencing local microclimates and potentially contributing to humidity-related pollution dispersion. While Jodoigne itself is a relatively small city with a population of around 14,079, it functions as a regional service centre for surrounding agricultural communities. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; immediately surrounding the city are extensive farmland, primarily dedicated to arable crops and livestock. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces potential sources of particulate matter (PM) from field work and ammonia emissions from livestock. The proximity to the industrial areas around Brussels and Leuven also means Jodoigne can experience the effects of long-range pollutant transport, impacting baseline air quality. The prevailing winds, typically from the southwest, can carry pollutants from these larger urban and industrial centres.

Jodoigne’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from November to February, often sees the poorest air quality. Low temperatures create stable atmospheric conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground. Reduced sunlight hours limit the natural dispersion of emissions, and increased wood burning for heating contributes significantly to particulate matter concentrations. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind patterns become more dynamic, though agricultural activities – ploughing and fertilisation – can temporarily elevate PM10 levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with strong convective currents effectively dispersing pollutants. However, prolonged periods of high pressure and heat can still lead to localised ozone formation. Autumn (September-October) is a transitional period. The return to cooler temperatures and increased heating demand, combined with agricultural harvesting, can lead to a resurgence in particulate matter. Sensitive individuals, such as those with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during winter and autumn. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June, July and August. Fog, common in the Dyle valley during autumn and winter, can exacerbate pollution episodes by limiting visibility and dispersion.