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Pacajus, a municipality nestled within the state of Ceará in northeastern Brazil, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Located at approximately -4.1725 latitude and -38.4606 longitude, the city sits within a relatively flat coastal plain, a characteristic feature of this region. Its elevation is low, averaging around 20 meters above sea level, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Pacajus is situated roughly 25 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean, experiencing the moderating influence of coastal breezes, but also susceptible to humidity and salt spray. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural lands, primarily focused on sugarcane and fruit cultivation, alongside areas of *caatinga* scrubland. The expansion of industrial activity, particularly related to the Pecém Industrial and Port Complex nearby, is a significant factor. This complex, a major economic driver for the region, introduces potential sources of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The urban-rural gradient is becoming increasingly blurred as Pacajus experiences population growth and associated development. The prevailing winds, generally easterly off the ocean, can transport pollutants inland, while the lack of significant topographical barriers hinders their dispersal, concentrating them in localized areas, especially during periods of atmospheric stability. This interplay of factors creates a complex air quality scenario.

Pacajus experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality in Pacajus is most compromised during the dry season, typically from August to December. This period sees reduced rainfall, leading to increased dust resuspension from agricultural lands and construction sites. Lower humidity also inhibits the scavenging of pollutants from the atmosphere. The prevailing easterly winds, while offering some dispersion, can also carry pollutants from the Pecém Industrial Complex westward towards the city. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating concentrations. The wet season, from January to July, generally brings improved air quality. Rainfall effectively washes away particulate matter, and higher humidity promotes pollutant removal. However, even during the wet season, localized pollution events can occur due to industrial emissions and agricultural burning. February and March, often the wettest months, are generally the most favourable for outdoor activity. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting strenuous outdoor activity and monitoring their health. Avoiding peak traffic hours can also reduce exposure to vehicle emissions.