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Bayeux, nestled in the Paraíba state of northeastern Brazil, occupies a geographically significant position within the Agreste region, a transitional zone between the humid coastal forests and the arid interior of the Northeast. Located at approximately -7.1333° latitude and -34.9333° longitude, the city sits at a modest elevation of around 280 meters above sea level, influencing local air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating hills and valleys, interspersed with patches of caatinga vegetation – a unique, drought-resistant biome. Bayeux benefits from proximity to the Rio Paraíba, a vital waterway that moderates local temperatures and contributes to humidity, though its impact on air quality is generally limited due to the river's relatively low pollutant load. The urban fabric of Bayeux is largely residential, with a growing commercial sector concentrated around its central avenues. While not a major industrial hub, the city serves as a regional service center for surrounding agricultural areas, primarily focused on fruit cultivation and livestock farming. This agricultural activity, particularly during harvest seasons, can contribute localized particulate matter. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gradual, with smaller settlements and agricultural land extending outwards, influencing the dispersion of any pollutants generated within the city. The prevailing winds, typically from the northeast, play a crucial role in ventilating the area, though their effectiveness can be diminished by temperature inversions, particularly during drier periods. The city's location, shielded somewhat by surrounding hills, can also trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions.

Bayeux experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, significantly impacting its air quality profile. The dry season, typically spanning from August to December, is characterized by reduced rainfall, higher temperatures, and increased solar radiation. This period often sees a rise in particulate matter concentrations, stemming from agricultural activities like controlled burns for land preparation and increased dust from unpaved roads. Temperature inversions are more frequent during these months, trapping pollutants closer to the ground, especially in the evenings and early mornings. The wet season, from January to July, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, naturally cleansing the atmosphere and dispersing pollutants. Stronger winds associated with convective storms also contribute to improved air quality. During the wettest months (March-May), the air is generally the cleanest. However, intense rainfall events can occasionally lead to localized flooding, which can temporarily release pollutants from inundated areas. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Limiting outdoor exertion during peak pollution hours (early morning and late afternoon) and wearing masks can provide some protection. The transition periods between seasons (August and January) are often marked by variable air quality, influenced by shifting wind patterns and fluctuating rainfall. Maintaining green spaces within the city and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are crucial for mitigating air pollution throughout the year.