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Jarinu, nestled within the state of São Paulo, Brazil, occupies a strategically important position within the broader metropolitan region. Located at approximately -23.1014° latitude and -46.7283° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 830 meters (2,723 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively cool and stable climate compared to lower-lying areas of São Paulo. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a gradual transition from the dense Atlantic Forest biome to agricultural lands, a common feature of the region. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, Jarinu benefits from proximity to smaller tributaries and streams that feed into the larger Tietê River basin, influencing local humidity and microclimates. The urban fabric of Jarinu is a blend of residential areas and small-scale industrial and commercial activity, reflecting its role as a satellite city within the sprawling São Paulo metropolitan area. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural fields and forested areas quickly enveloping the city limits. This proximity to agricultural zones, particularly those employing conventional farming practices, can contribute to localized air pollution from pesticide drift and fertilizer application. Furthermore, the city's location within the wider industrial belt of São Paulo, though not directly within a major industrial hub, means it is susceptible to the transport of pollutants from distant sources, particularly during periods of atmospheric stagnation. The terrain, gently undulating, can also influence local wind patterns and the dispersion of pollutants, sometimes leading to localized concentrations.

Jarinu's air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the interplay of tropical climate and regional weather systems. The wet season, typically spanning from October to March, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, generally leading to improved air quality as precipitation washes away particulate matter. However, periods of prolonged fog, common during this season, can trap pollutants near the ground, creating localized episodes of reduced visibility and potentially elevated concentrations of certain gases. The dry season, from April to September, is characterized by lower rainfall, higher temperatures, and a greater propensity for temperature inversions. These inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air near the surface, prevent vertical mixing and trap pollutants, often resulting in peak pollution levels during these months. September and October frequently experience the most challenging air quality conditions. Wind patterns play a crucial role; periods of calm winds exacerbate pollution buildup, while stronger winds can disperse pollutants more effectively. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly on days with stagnant air or fog. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season, although vigilance regarding fog is advised. Agricultural burning, a common practice in surrounding areas, can also significantly impact air quality, particularly during the transition periods between seasons, adding to the complexity of the pollution profile. The city's location within a broader agricultural region means that seasonal agricultural practices directly influence local air quality.