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Sucun, nestled within Anhui Province, China, occupies a geographically significant position at coordinates 31.0554°N, 118.1057°E. The city’s terrain is characteristic of the Yangtze River Delta region – a relatively flat alluvial plain, though gently undulating hills begin to rise to the south and west. This landscape is crucial to understanding Sucun’s air quality. The city benefits from proximity to the Yangtze River, providing some natural dispersion of pollutants, but also experiences increased humidity which can trap contaminants. Sucun is situated within a densely populated agricultural zone, dominated by rice and wheat cultivation, with increasing industrial activity concentrated along transport corridors. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city itself is compact, with a population of approximately 58,300, quickly transitioning to farmland. This proximity to agricultural practices introduces potential sources of ammonia and particulate matter from fertilizer use and biomass burning. Furthermore, the regional climate, influenced by the East Asian monsoon, dictates prevailing wind patterns, often channeling pollutants from larger industrial centres to the west and north-west towards Sucun. The flat topography limits natural ventilation, exacerbating pollution episodes, particularly during periods of meteorological stagnation. The city’s location within a major economic corridor also means increased traffic volume, contributing to localised emissions.

Sucun’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) often sees increased particulate matter due to dust storms originating from the Gobi Desert, carried eastward by prevailing winds, and agricultural burning preparing fields for planting. Humidity rises, potentially trapping pollutants. Summer (June-August) brings the East Asian monsoon, offering periods of improved air quality through rainfall and stronger winds, but also high humidity which can foster secondary pollutant formation. August can be particularly muggy, reducing dispersion. Autumn (September-November) is typically the most challenging period. Reduced rainfall, temperature inversions, and increased coal combustion for heating create stagnant conditions, leading to pollutant accumulation. November is often the worst month for air quality. Winter (December-February) sees continued heating demand, coupled with weaker winds and frequent temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Fog is common, further reducing visibility and exacerbating respiratory issues. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter. Springtime dust events also necessitate caution. Monitoring local conditions and adjusting activity levels accordingly is crucial for protecting health.