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Chedaopo, nestled within Gansu Province in northwestern China, occupies a geographically significant position within the Loess Plateau region. Located at approximately 36.4008° N, 106.7351° E, the city’s terrain is characterized by undulating hills and expansive plains sculpted by centuries of wind and water erosion. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau, a vast expanse of wind-deposited silt, contributing to the region’s susceptibility to dust storms. Chedaopo sits at a moderate elevation, influencing temperature patterns and atmospheric stability. While not directly adjacent to major bodies of water, the Yellow River flows relatively nearby, impacting regional humidity and potentially influencing precipitation patterns. The city’s urban footprint is small, reflecting its limited population of 17,608, and exhibits a distinct urban–rural gradient, transitioning rapidly into agricultural lands and sparsely populated settlements. Gansu Province is a significant agricultural region, with wheat and corn cultivation prevalent, and also hosts industrial zones focused on mining and processing, particularly coal. These activities, combined with the plateau’s topography and prevailing wind patterns, create conditions that can exacerbate air quality challenges. The Loess Plateau’s porous soil readily absorbs moisture but also contributes to dust generation, while the province’s industrial base introduces pollutants into the atmosphere. Chedaopo’s location within this broader regional context makes it vulnerable to both local and transboundary air pollution events.

Chedaopo’s air quality experiences a pronounced seasonal cycle dictated by its continental climate and regional weather patterns. Winters (November – February) are typically the most challenging, marked by frequent temperature inversions. Cold air settles in the valleys and basins, trapping pollutants near the ground and hindering dispersion. This phenomenon, coupled with reduced sunlight hours and limited wind speeds, leads to a build-up of particulate matter and other emissions. Dust storms, originating from the Gobi Desert and the Loess Plateau itself, are also more common during this period, significantly degrading air quality. Spring (March – May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, helping to disperse pollutants. However, spring also coincides with increased agricultural activity, potentially releasing ammonia and other agricultural emissions. Summers (June – August) are generally the most favourable period, with increased rainfall and stronger winds aiding in pollutant removal. Monsoon influences can bring periods of cleaner air. Autumn (September – October) sees a transition period, with decreasing rainfall and a gradual return of temperature inversions, leading to a slow decline in air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor exposure and monitoring local air quality reports. During spring, agricultural workers should be mindful of potential exposure to agricultural emissions. Overall, the months of December and January are typically the most challenging for air quality in Chedaopo, while July and August offer the best conditions for outdoor activities.