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Dingyuan, a small county-level city nestled within Gansu Province, China, occupies a geographically significant position on the Loess Plateau. Located at approximately 35.96°N, 104.00°E, its coordinates place it within a region characterized by undulating terrain and expansive, semi-arid landscapes. The city’s elevation, averaging around 1,500 meters (4,921 feet) above sea level, contributes to a unique atmospheric profile, often leading to temperature inversions, particularly during the colder months. Dingyuan is surrounded by a mosaic of agricultural land, primarily wheat and corn cultivation, interspersed with sparse grasslands and scrub vegetation. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, the city draws water from smaller tributaries and groundwater sources, influencing local humidity levels. Its regional position is crucial; it lies within the broader Hexi Corridor, a historical trade route and a vital link between eastern and western China. This historical significance has led to some industrial development, though on a smaller scale compared to larger urban centers. The urban–rural gradient around Dingyuan is relatively sharp, with the city itself representing a concentrated hub of activity surrounded by predominantly rural agricultural communities. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, carry dust and pollutants from the Gobi Desert and surrounding regions, impacting local air quality. The Loess Plateau’s soil composition, prone to erosion, further exacerbates dust pollution, especially during windy periods. The surrounding landscape, while visually striking, presents challenges for air quality management due to its inherent dust-generating properties and limited natural air cleansing mechanisms.

Dingyuan’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by regional weather patterns and agricultural practices. Winters (November – February) are typically the most challenging, marked by frequent temperature inversions where cold air becomes trapped near the ground, preventing the dispersion of pollutants. This, combined with reduced sunlight hours and increased residential heating using coal, leads to periods of stagnant air and elevated particulate matter. Dust storms originating from the Gobi Desert are also more common during this period. Spring (March – May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, helping to disperse pollutants, but agricultural burning, a traditional practice for land clearing, can temporarily degrade air quality. Summers (June – August) are generally the most favorable, with monsoon rains washing away pollutants and strong winds promoting ventilation. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant conditions. Autumn (September – October) sees a transition period; while winds are generally strong, the return of cooler temperatures can trigger localized inversions, and agricultural activities resume, contributing to localized pollution. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and early spring, limiting outdoor exposure during periods of visibly hazy conditions. During the agricultural burning season in spring, minimizing time spent near fields is advisable. Staying informed about local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor activities throughout the year. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air purification can also provide significant relief.