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Bijiao is situated in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, China, approximately 60 kilometers northwest of Guangzhou and 80 kilometers southwest of Dongguan. This positioning places it within one of the world's most densely populated and industrialized urban corridors, where rapid urbanization has transformed former agricultural landscapes into mixed-use zones. The terrain is predominantly flat alluvial plains, with an average elevation of just 5-10 meters above sea level, characteristic of the delta's low-lying topography. This flatness, combined with proximity to the South China Sea and the Pearl River's tributaries, creates a humid microclimate that traps pollutants near the surface. Bijiao lies within the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area, surrounded by manufacturing hubs, logistics centers, and residential developments, with a gradual urban–rural gradient transitioning to more agricultural lands to the northwest. The city's air quality is significantly influenced by its location downwind of major industrial emissions from Guangzhou and Foshan, while local sources include vehicular traffic from the G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway and small-scale factories. The Pearl River's waterways, while providing some ventilation, also contribute to high humidity that can exacerbate particulate matter formation. This geographic context makes Bijiao vulnerable to regional pollution transport, especially during stagnant weather conditions common in the basin-like delta.

In Bijiao, air quality follows distinct seasonal patterns driven by the East Asian monsoon and local meteorological conditions. During winter (December to February), pollution typically peaks due to frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, combined with northeasterly winds that transport industrial emissions from upwind cities like Guangzhou. This season often sees the highest concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), making outdoor activities less advisable, especially for sensitive groups such as children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions. Spring (March to May) brings transitional weather with increasing rainfall from the pre-monsoon period, which helps wash out pollutants, though occasional fog and haze can still occur. Summer (June to August) offers the cleanest air as the southwest monsoon brings strong oceanic winds that disperse pollutants, while frequent thunderstorms and typhoon activity provide natural cleansing. However, high temperatures and humidity can combine with ozone formation, particularly on sunny days. Autumn (September to November) sees gradually deteriorating air quality as monsoon winds weaken and atmospheric stability increases, leading to a buildup of pollutants. Residents and visitors should favor outdoor activities in summer and early autumn, while winter requires precautions like limiting prolonged exposure and using air purifiers indoors. Sensitive groups should monitor local air quality reports year-round, as sudden deteriorations can occur during any season due to industrial incidents or unfavorable weather patterns.