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Xiaoli is situated in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, China, approximately 60 kilometers northwest of Shenzhen and 100 kilometers northwest of Hong Kong. This strategic location places Xiaoli within one of the world's most dynamic urban-industrial corridors, where rapid urbanization has transformed the landscape over recent decades. The city lies at coordinates 22.6721°N, 113.2509°E, characterized by relatively flat terrain typical of the Pearl River Delta floodplain, with elevations generally below 50 meters above sea level. This low-lying topography, combined with proximity to the South China Sea and the Pearl River estuary, creates a humid subtropical environment that significantly influences air quality. Xiaoli's position within Guangdong's manufacturing heartland means it is surrounded by industrial zones, transportation networks, and agricultural areas that contribute to complex pollution mixtures. The urban-rural gradient shows dense urban development transitioning to peri-urban industrial parks and agricultural lands, creating multiple pollution sources within short distances. The Pearl River Delta's coastal location means sea breezes can sometimes disperse pollutants, but the region's bowl-like topography also traps emissions during certain meteorological conditions. Xiaoli's air quality is thus shaped by its integration into the broader Pearl River Delta megacity region, where local emissions interact with regional pollution transported from neighboring industrial centers like Dongguan and Guangzhou.

Xiaoli experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns driven by the East Asian monsoon system and local meteorological conditions. During winter (December-February), northeasterly monsoon winds transport pollutants from northern industrial regions while local temperature inversions trap emissions near the surface, creating the year's worst air quality episodes. Sensitive groups should limit prolonged outdoor exposure during these months, particularly on calm, foggy mornings. Spring (March-May) brings transitional weather with variable winds and occasional rainfall that gradually improves air quality, though pollution can still accumulate during stagnant periods. Summer (June-August) offers the cleanest air as strong southerly monsoon winds from the South China Sea disperse pollutants, and frequent afternoon thunderstorms wash particulate matter from the atmosphere. This is the optimal season for outdoor activities, though high humidity and heat require appropriate precautions. Autumn (September-November) sees gradually deteriorating conditions as monsoon winds weaken and pollution begins to accumulate, with October often marking the transition to winter haze. Throughout the year, sensitive individuals should monitor daily weather forecasts for wind patterns and fog advisories, as these provide better indicators of air quality than seasonal averages alone. Morning hours typically show higher pollution concentrations due to overnight accumulation and temperature inversions.