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Feicheng occupies a strategic position in central Shandong Province, situated approximately 60 kilometers southwest of the provincial capital Jinan within the broader North China Plain. The city's coordinates at 36.1861°N, 116.7719°E place it in a transitional zone between the mountainous Tai'an region to the east and the expansive agricultural plains extending westward. Feicheng's urban character reflects its role as a county-level city with significant agricultural processing industries, particularly known for its peach production that gives it the nickname 'Peach City.' The terrain is predominantly flat with gentle slopes, averaging around 100 meters above sea level, which creates conditions conducive to temperature inversions that trap pollutants near ground level. Feicheng lies within the Yellow River basin, though not directly adjacent to major waterways, positioning it within Shandong's industrial corridor where manufacturing, chemical production, and coal-related activities contribute to regional pollution. The urban-rural gradient shows concentrated development in the city center surrounded by extensive agricultural lands, creating a mix of urban emissions and agricultural dust sources. This geography places Feicheng downwind of industrial zones during prevailing northwesterly winds, while its basin-like topography limits natural ventilation, allowing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants to accumulate, particularly during stable atmospheric conditions common in this continental climate region.

Feicheng experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns shaped by its continental monsoon climate. During winter (December-February), pollution typically peaks due to increased coal burning for heating combined with frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the surface, creating persistent haze episodes; sensitive groups should limit outdoor activities during these months. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, though dust storms from the northwest can temporarily elevate particulate levels, making late spring the better time for outdoor activities. Summer (June-August) offers the cleanest air with monsoon rains washing pollutants from the atmosphere and southeasterly winds providing better ventilation, though high humidity can occasionally combine with emissions to create ground-level ozone. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual deterioration as heating season approaches and atmospheric stability increases, with October often marking the transition to poorer conditions. Throughout the year, wind patterns play a crucial role—northwesterly winds transport industrial pollutants from upwind regions, while calm conditions allow local emissions to accumulate. Fog frequently forms in winter and autumn, combining with pollution to create reduced visibility and health concerns. Residents with respiratory conditions should be particularly cautious during winter inversion periods and spring dust events, while planning outdoor activities for summer months when dispersion conditions are most favorable.