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Xinjing, a subdistrict within Shanghai’s Pudong district, occupies a geographically strategic position on the eastern periphery of the city, bordering the East China Sea. Its coordinates (31.2142, 121.3681) place it within a relatively flat alluvial plain, characteristic of the Yangtze River Delta. The terrain is predominantly low-lying, with elevations rarely exceeding 10 meters above sea level, contributing to limited natural ventilation and potential for pollutant accumulation. Xinjing’s proximity to the sea introduces a complex interplay of maritime influences on air quality. Prevailing winds from the East China Sea can transport pollutants both into and out of the area, while humidity levels are generally high, impacting the dispersion of particulate matter. The surrounding landscape is a gradient transitioning from dense urban development to agricultural land further inland, with rice paddies and vegetable farms contributing to seasonal biogenic emissions. Pudong's industrial belt, historically focused on manufacturing and logistics, lies to the west, influencing Xinjing’s air quality through industrial emissions. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with rapid urbanization impacting the natural landscape and increasing the concentration of vehicles and industrial activity. The Huangpu River, flowing nearby, offers some localized cooling effects but doesn't significantly impact regional air circulation patterns. The flat topography and coastal location combine to create conditions where stagnant air masses and temperature inversions can readily form, exacerbating pollution episodes.

Xinjing’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by regional weather patterns and industrial activity. Winter (December-February) typically presents the most challenging conditions. Cold air masses from the north often lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground and resulting in prolonged periods of reduced visibility and elevated particulate matter. The lack of strong winds during this period further hinders dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and the East Asian monsoon begins to assert itself, introducing more frequent and stronger winds that help to clear the air. However, dust storms originating from the Gobi Desert can occasionally impact air quality during this season. Summer (June-August) is generally the most favourable period, with consistent monsoon rains washing pollutants from the atmosphere and high temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. Humidity is high, which can affect the perception of air quality, even if pollutant concentrations are relatively low. Autumn (September-November) sees a transitional period. Initially, air quality remains relatively good, but as temperatures cool and the monsoon weakens, the conditions become more conducive to pollutant accumulation, mirroring the winter pattern. Fog, common during autumn, further restricts visibility and traps pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and early spring, limiting outdoor exposure and monitoring local air quality reports. During summer, while generally better, high humidity can still exacerbate respiratory issues for some.